Attic mold, explained
What Black Roof Sheathing in Your Yreka Attic Really Means
Plenty of homeowners never knew they had attic mold until an inspector or roofer climbed the ladder and found the deck boards stained black between the rafters. The colder north-facing slope tends to be the worst of it, because that side gets the least sun and stays damp the longest. Through the cold months, humid air from the living space drifts up, meets the chilled underside of the deck and turns to water or frost, and that frost on the roofing nails eventually melts onto the insulation and drywall.
The moisture almost always comes from a short list. Bath and kitchen exhaust fans that dump into the attic instead of venting outdoors, soffit vents buried under blown-in insulation, a weak or missing ridge vent, and attic bypasses around top plates, recessed lights, plumbing stacks and the hatch all push wet air into a space with no way out. Ice dams and leaks at flashing or roof penetrations add liquid water on top of that.
This is the reason cleanup alone never settles it. If the airflow and air leaks aren't corrected, the same boards go black again within a few winters, however well they were blasted and sealed.