Attic mold, explained
What Black Roof Sheathing in Your Rock Creek Attic Really Means
Most attic mold calls start the same way: a home inspector or roofer shines a flashlight through the hatch and sees the sheathing gone gray or black between the rafters. The colder north-facing slope tends to be the worst of it, because that side gets the least sun and stays damp the longest. In winter, warm house air rises into the attic, hits the cold deck and condenses, sometimes freezing into frost on the nail tips that melts and drips through the ceiling on the first sunny day.
The moisture almost always comes from a short list. Fan ducts that end in the insulation instead of at an exterior cap, soffit vents choked off by blown-in insulation, a ridge vent that's undersized or was never installed, and air leaks at top plates, can lights, plumbing stacks and the hatch all feed warm, wet air where it can't escape. An ice dam or a leak at the flashing around a vent pipe adds liquid water to the condensation.
That's why cleaning the wood is only half of a real Attic Mold Removal job. Unless the venting and bypasses get fixed, the deck will be stained again in a few seasons, no matter how carefully it was cleaned and coated.